the final vowel of the root of a word.

any of the short vowels ಅ, ಇ, ಉ & ಎ in Kannaḍa language.

either of the notes ಸ(ಷಡ್ಜ) or ಪ (ಪಂಚಮ) (corresponding C and G in western scale) that are undulated, remain pure.