a soft and easily pulverised white, gray or yellowish limestone that is composed mainly of minute sea shells; chalk.

a kind of tax (now obs.).

having a sharp or strong taste or smell, esp. so as to produce a pricking sensation; pungent; acrid.

bitter; virulent.

that burns or corrodes organic tissue; caustic.

sarcastic, biting (said of words, remarks etc.); reproaching, abusing harshly.

disagreeable; unpleasant (said of behaviour).

hot; impetuous; acting without reasoning.

= ಕಟುಕರೋಹಿಣಿ.

an act , behaviour that is not agreeable as per social standards or custom.

sharp; acute; harsh; biting; sever; serious.

concentrated; strong (as a decoction, medicinal preparation, etc.).

in higher degree; to a large extent; severely; harshly; seriously.

a piece of (agricultural) land that is demarkated clearly from other pieces of land.

a soft and easily pulverised white, gray or yellowish limestone that is composed mainly of minute sea shells; chalk.

(dial.) a kind of poison.

= ಗಡುವು.