to make or cause to be, black; to blacken.

to spread false and harmful statements about; to calumniate; to bring discredit to.

to spoil the effectivenes.

to make stable, firm; to settle (something) firmly at.

= ಕರುಗಟ್ಟು.

to cause to reduce in size; to cause to shrink; to contract.

to trouble (another or others); to cause to suffer.

to attract by charm, temptation etc.; to fascinate; to entice; to lure.

to lure an animal by singing a charming song (for catching or killing).

to inflict pain, suffering.

to put (the body of a dead) in the ground and cover with earth; to bury.

to burn something as to make it black; to reduce to charcoal by burning.

to inflict pain, suffering; to cause to suffer.